MBA - Critical Thinking and Decision Making Essay

MBA - Critical Thinking and Decision Making - Essay Example This forms the basis of arguments in critical thinking, an aspect that is the backbone of the process. According to Ford M. the issue that is of concern is privatization of the information system management (ISM) function by the current governor. According to the governor, the move would lead to the state saving approximately $250,000 annually. Privatization would involve outsourcing of similar services from either a local or foreign company, and would enable the state save some amount that would go into providing same services (Ford M. Personal communication, January 30, 2012). Step 2 The Reason The reason in this memo is that the proposed transition would save the state about $250,000 annually. This would be the extra amount that the personnel would be paid for the whole year. Privatization would ensure that a given company is given the responsibility to provide the same services as those provided by the current employees. In addition to this, state would still manage to save about $250,000 per year that would be used for other purposes. This seems a viable idea that the state would go for as it would be profitable in the long run. Supporting this is that the government or the state would provide its employees in the company with â€Å"similar† posts in other departments within the state. Step 3 Ambiguous Phrases An ambiguous phrase has no supporting evidence and may be just a claim. In her discussion, she used the phrase, ‘an attempt to drive out experienced workers’ which she does not support with evidence. This is just a claim and would not be true unless supported by evidence. Another term used is,’ most likely’. This simply shows that an occurrence has higher chances of occurring but has not been confirmed to occur. There is no certainty when the writer says that most likely their members would be out in the streets with no jobs. She says that outsourcing, public services to private companies would cause â€Å"instabili ty†. This is ambiguous because she does not explain how it would cause instability within the state. Again, one company such as the one mentioned would not be the one controlling the whole economy. Therefore, this would still be a claim with no evidence to give support. All these terms are used for the main purpose of convincing the union members not to agree with the governor. Her aim is to gain support from the union members by supporting facts with unclear evidence for the purposes of personal gains. Step 4 Value Conflicts and Assumptions This would be indicated by the idea of offloading people who worked in qualified position within a firm. Conflict comes up when the state retrenches individuals or offloads them and assigns others to carry out their work. This would be by outsourcing from even outside the countries or foreign countries. This would not be ethical because a state would be denying its citizen an opportunity to work at an expense of making savings by the use f oreign countries. This indicates that such a country does not even care for its own citizens. This would be because such a country would be giving privilege to outsiders in preference to its citizens. The main reason for this action would be that there would be saving to be made to the state. Again, there is an assumption that attrition would occur within other government departments that would result in arising of work

The Travesty of the Holocaust Essay Example for Free

The Travesty of the Holocaust Essay Since the inception of history, man has sought and ostracized that which is unfamiliar. Ignorance is the root of the beginning of evil and so it was with the Holocaust. I will say the Holocaust as atrocious as it is, is not the first genocide nor has it been the last. The world still watches on, as though human beings are but fodder, as people continue to be executed for not belonging to a particular tribe. It is of Africa, I speak genocide continues into even this our modern age. I also cannot help but think of the Native Americans, on a continent where thousands of nations once thrived. Now there are but a scant handful. Many nations passed from this earth to extinction. Holocaust, genocide terrible, monstrous evil brought into the world. The problem is crushing such evil. The Talmud teaches that, to do nothing in the face of evil, that person is as surely guilty as the assailants. The blood of many is on all of our hands. Christian Theology and Anti-Judaism Since the inception of Christianity there has been friction between Judaism and Christianity. These issues were addressed in the New Testament beginning with Acts and continuing with the letters of Paul. The basic issues were whether Jesus was the Son of God and whether Christians had to follow Judaic law. The first problem created a definite chasm between Jews and Christians. Christians accepting the deity of Christ. While Jews rejected this. The second question regarding Judaic law was ultimately rejected by the Christian church. And the two faiths parted ways. Shakespeare portrayed Jews as misers, in the Merchant of Venice. So the conflict between Jews and Christians has a long history. In some way perhaps, the Holocaust was the culmination of this hatred. But somehow, I do not think so. Humans have a tendency to turn from helping others different from themselves. I think one of the saddest parts of the Holocaust is the denial of common, ordinary Germans who knew, who had to know of the atrocities around them and did nothing. The insanity of Hitler is one thing. But for ordinary people to allow such atrocities, I cannot understand. Americans are just as guilty word of the camps was known in the beginning and America chose to do nothing. I am reminded of a quote from Elise Wiesel: It happened yesterday, eternities ago, a young Jewish boy discovered the kingdome of the night. I remembered his bewilderment. I remember his anguish. It all happened so fast. The decrees. The deportation. The sealed cattle car. The fiery alter upon which the history of our people and the future of mankind were meant to be sacrificed. I remember: He asked his father. Can this be true? This is the 20th century not the Middle Ages. Who would allow such crimes to be committed? How could the world remain silent? Indeed, how does the world remain silent still? Surely, this is the ultimate sin, the ultimate blasphemous act against God. People see. People hear. People know. And people stand passively by and do nothing. Shoah Of course, Shoah in Hebrew means Holocaust. Fortunately it is also the name of a project began by Steven Speilberg. The Shoah is a remarkable project to help preserve the atrocities of Nazism and the Holocaust. The Shoah project helps to preserve the memories of survivors who are aging. The Shoah Project helps to keep what the Nazis did a hateful crime and not to lessen these survivors memories to mere books. I know that part of the goal is to keep such things from happening again. But this is not the case. People are still executed for the color of their skin, their beliefs. Today, those of Arabic descent are now at the brunt of others who think themselves better or superior. The lessons learned should keep humanity from allowing genocide. Yet, over 200,000 Africans have been executed because they are of a different tribe. Millions more are in refugee camps hoping and waiting to escape the horrors of this war. Little children have been macheted and lost their limbs. The Holocaust should not fade from our memories, ever. Mans capability of terrible horror and to preserve the stories, the message of the Holocaust is preserved. There are those who would want to erase the holocaust from memory, as surely as slavery is still denied. There is no excuse for such behavior, it is left to the educated to keep the memory and to assure that the atrocities of history are not forgotten. Every generation can benefit from the Shoah project. Antisemitism is troublesome, because there are people who have the audacity to claim that the Holocaust never happened. Unfortunately, ignorance is the root of this disease and as sad as it is, ignorance will remain a part of humanity. There is also this strange need, want of humans to think themselves superior. The root of this being that people feel inferior and so must lower another to make themselves feel better. Curable, yes. Likely, no. I do not believe that there is any excuse for antisemitism or Anti-Judaism. The Jewish culture has enriched our lives, even though people often do not appreciate all that Jewish culture has to offer. Unfortunately, there is no reason to ever take another human being regardless of race, religion, or any other reason for granted. Jewish people have contributed greatly to our culture. Yet, their accomplishments are kept quiet out of fear or shame. A recent example, is the newly elected Lieutenant Governor of Virginia. His mother is Jewish and because a persons Jewishness is proven along the line of the mother (because ones mother can be denied). This man hid a great and powerful culture. The Jews are not the only ones guilty of such behavior many other immigrants have done the same, such as those of Irish or Italian descent. Anti-Judaism may well play a part in keeping the Shoah program from being successful. One problem is that the Holocaust was not wholly against the Jews. Others also suffered and died at the hands of the Nazi regime homosexuals, the mentally ill, gypsies, and other races. Russians were also exterminated in Nazi camps. It is these people that may are not recognized or remembered. In no way should the perils of the Jewish experience be downplayed. Yet the Jewish people should also play a role in helping to recall those who were not Jewish and who were also murdered. I think resentment builds when the Holocaust is treated as if those of Judaic descent were the only ones to suffer. Helen Keller once said, The world is full of suffering. If nothing else perhaps the fact that being human is to suffer, may be something that could bring people together instead of separating them. The Nazi Pogrom and Christianity It is unfortunate, but albeit true. Almost the same type of Antisemitism was displayed during the Passion of the Christ. Even the Catholic church in turning a blind eye away from the Jews during the Holocaust, agreed with the premise. Jews portrayed as the murderers of Christ. The irony being if Christ had not been martyred, then Jesus could have hardly been represented as the Son of God or Messiah. Unfortunately this was the connection Germans and many Christians made to justify the holocaust against the Jews. Intellectual theology, I do not believe can make the argument. However, in the era of the 30s and 40s portraying the Jews as Christ killers was an important piece of acceptable propaganda. This theme did crop up again in the 80s when The Temptation of Christ, Martin Scorsces depiction of Christ was brought to the theaters. The Conservative Christian right rallied and so began movements to keep people from seeing the movie. In 2004, Mel Gibsons The Passion of the Christ, would also bring a wave of antisemitism. I believe those who have a tendency toward antisemitism would use these as a further excuse to justify hatred. The Jewish people were portrayed as monstrous. Supposed medical research supported the differences between Jews and a normal human being. This seems to be a standard practice when a race or culture is demonized for extinction. The Indians were portrayed as heathen savages, incapable of living among the white men. Africans were depicted as children that needed to be taken care of and sheltered. Jews are depicted as being selfish, miserly, and somehow less than human. By making the other race or ethnicity sub-human their extermination becomes somehow easier. For if one is not fully human, but beneath humanity then isnt the world better off with the purge of these sub-humans? As Americans, we see this de-humanization process being carried against immigrants. Hispanics are described as parasites somehow taking advantage of the American people. Historically this has been the portrayal of immigrants throughout American history, at least. The Irish, the Chinese, any person considered non-native to the Americas have been portrayed as sub-human and unworthy of settlement in Northern America. Deuteronomy and Jeremiah Throughout the Old Testament God entreats, His people to remember. To remember what it is to be enslaved. What it is to be free. These are the foundations of human nature. To suffer. To remember. To tell the story, lest it be forgotten. The verses from Deuteronomy remind the Jewish people of their once slavery to Egypt and their journey out of slavery. Neither of these experiences were not pleasant, however ultimately it is Gods faithfulness and mercy that prevails through every tribulation. Jeremiah, is a bit more difficult to interpret, unless it is tied to the Kaballah. The Kaballah, entreats people to remember and live up to the best of the person who is gone from this world. In this context, the quote in Jeremiah makes a little more sense, again there is the promise of Adonai, to restore his people to their proper status. Conclusion I am reminded of the quote from Hosea 6. 1,2: Come, let us return to Adonai. He has rent us and he will heal us; he has struck us and he will bind up our wounds. I do not know exactly why this verse brings me great, personal comfort. To me, it does not say to me that Adonai has caused the suffering, but that suffering has happened and that the Lord will restore my or your or our suffering and healing will occur. In being part of this course and participating in the Shoah project I feel as though any loss to humanity is a personal one. All of us are less when people are dehumanized and caused to suffer. I do not believe that the Shoah project is not just a trip to the past. It is far more complicated and deserving of our attention. The world should continue to remember the suffering of a people merely due to belief. it would be far better if such lessons prompted us to right the wrongs in this the 21st century. Our humanity causes us to be responsible to and for one another.

Eigen Value Equation: Dirac Particles and Dirac Oscillators

Eigen Value Equation: Dirac Particles and Dirac Oscillators The thermodynamic entities with the GUP for Dirac particles  and Dirac oscillators Xin-feng Diao,  Chao-yun Long,  Guang-yu sun,  Yuan-sheng wang,  Hongling liu Abstract In this paper we studied the Eigen value equation for Dirac particles and Dirac Oscillators, considering the spin and Generalized Uncertainty Principle. Then we calculated the thermodynamic entities for them with the Generalized Uncertainty Principle corrected. We find that an electron of mass m and spin 1/2 in relativistic quantum mechanics confined in a box with the length L which the eigenvalues were related to the length of box and the correction terms of the Helmholtz free energy tend to increase the thermodynamic quantities. PACS number: 03.65.-w, 11.10.Nx Key words: GUP; Dirac particles ; Dirac Oscillators; thermodynamic entities. Introduction Various candidates of quantum gravity such as string theory and black hole physics concern the existence of a minimum measurable length. When energies of particles are much smaller than the scale of Planck mass [1, 2], it gives rise to the so-called Generalized Uncertainty Principle that results in a minimum observable length [3] (1) where is the GUP parameter and is a positive constant which depends on the expectation value of the momentum operator. On the other hand, Braun Majumder has discussed the harmonic oscillators following Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics by solving the Schrà ¶dinger equation[4]. However for the high energy particles we should consider the relativistic effect, so that it is important to study the effect of the Generalized Uncertainty Principle for Dirac particles and Dirac oscillators. Further more, the canonical partition function and other thermodynamic quantities for the relativistic particles following Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics should be involved. We discused the aspects in this paper. The Generalized Uncertainty Principle can be obtained from the deformed commutation relation, (2) where . The limits andcorrespond to the ordinary quantum mechanics and extreme quantum gravity, respectively. +Email: [emailprotected]. Now let us consider an electron of mass m and spin 1/2 in relativistic quantum mechanics, confined in a box of length L. The boundaries of the box are located at and. The wave function of the particle satisfies the following GUP corrected Dirac equation inside the box, where potential energe while and outside. The Dirac equation can be given as à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 3à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° where and are the Dirac matrices with the following representation , à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 4à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° Using the Jacobi identity [5]. And we can solve the equation with the method in the paper [6]. By defining , à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 5à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° considering the boundary conditions, we can get the energy Eigen value à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 6à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° Wrong calculation And we utilized the GUP corrected energy spectrum to calculate the canonical partition function and other thermodynamic quantities for the relativistic particles following Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. So, we first calculated the GUP corrected partition function and it can be expressed as à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 7à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° So the partition function is wrong too with the. For the case of indistinguishable particles we use the relation of Helmholtz free energy with partition function . For the Helmholtz free energy and it comes out to be à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 8à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ° where N is total number of Dirac particles. We found that the correction terms tend to increase the thermodynamic quantities. Then, we consider the Dirac oscillator and get the exact solution under a harmonic term. Firstly, Dirac equation is written as [7] (9) where U0 and V0 denote scalar and vector interactions, respectively, and the matrices are à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ (10) The spin wave function can be written as (11) We expand the equation and get the coupled equations (12) Then, (13) Pluging in to (12), we can obtain (14) (15) Here, we consider the harmonic term Using the operator relation (16) the equation becomes (17) à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ And we can get (18) With the method of [2], the energy of the equation (18) will be obtained . (19) If we set , the result becomes , which was well agree with non-relativistic quantum mechanics. And then we calculate the thermodynamic entities with the GUP corrected energy eigenvalue equation for the Dirac Oscillators. The partition function can be evaluated as . (20) We do this sum in a perturbative sense to distinguish the à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ rst term as the partition function of Dirac Oscillators, the equation can be rewritten as with. This equation guides us to write the GUP modified Helmholtz free energy as . (21) Simply, we write the expressions for the entropy internal energy as (22) where N is total number of Dirac oscillators. Summary In this paper, we studied an electron of mass m and spin 1/2 in relativistic quantum mechanics, which was confined in a box with the length L, We found that the eigenvalues were related to the length of box and the correction terms of the Helmholtz free energy tend to increase the thermodynamic quantities. We consider the Dirac oscillator and get the exact solution under a harmonic term, although the GUP corrected Hamiltonian of the harmonic oscillator has investigated[7-10]. We consider the different operator relation and get the partition function for the Dirac Oscillator. Moreover, we calculated the thermodynamic entities with the GUP corrected energy Eigen value equation for the Dirac Oscillator. So exploring relations in the basic foundations of the GUP is worth interesting [11]. This work was Supported by the Project of Guizhou Province Science and Technology OfficeNo. [2013]2255 and Guizhou Normal College project: 12YB005 . References [1] K. Konishi, G. Paffuti, P. Provero, Phys. Lett. B 234 (1990) 276. [2] M. Maggiore, Phys. Lett. B 304 (1993) 65. [3] A. Kempf, G. Mangano, R.B. Mann, Phys. Rev. D 52 (1995) 1108. [4] Barun Majumder , Sourav Sen. Physics Letters B 717 (2012) 291–294 [5] H. Hassanabadi a, S. Zarrinkamar b, A.A. Rajabia. Physics Letters B 718 (2013) 1111–1113 [6] A. Kempf, J. Phys. A 30 (1997) 2093. [7] Pouria Pedram. Physics Letters B 710 (2012) 478–485 [8] P. Pedram, Phys. Rev. D 85 (2012) 024016, arXiv:1112.2327. [9] K. Nozari, T. Azizi, Gen. Rel. Grav 38 (2006) 735742; K. Nozari, H. Mehdipour, Chaos Solitons Fractals 32 (2007) 1637; K. Nozari and A.S. Sefidgar, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals 38 (2008) 339. [10] B. Majumder, Phys. Lett. B 701 (2011) 384. [11] S. Kalyana Rama, Phys. Lett. B 519 (2001) 103.

bridging the gap for womens wages :: essays research papers

Bridging the Gap for Women’s Wages â€Å"Somehow, the unsexy issue of the paycheck—equal pay for the same or equivalent work—dropped off the economic agenda. But it never left the minds of women† (41). In her article entitled â€Å"A New Campaign for Pay Equity,† liberal columnist Ellen Goodman outlines the problem concerning the wage gap between men and women. By describing the present position of the wage gap, Goodman points out that there are things being done by the government for the wage gap, which include enforcing the laws that are in existence and suggesting that jobs of equal value be paid equal wages. Goodman then states that, even though laws are in place and goals have been announced, there is still a considerable slack in the government's progress. She holds that the laws are not being enforced as well as they could be and that society needs to transform the way it views the value of women's work, or just work in general. "Underlying the new campaign for pay equity,& quot; Goodman emphasizes, "are attitudes that are changing faster than wages" (41). Here, she suggests that people are beginning to ponder why women's wages are lower. Goodman explains that in order for the issue to be solved, the changes will have to begin on a state level and move up to the national level as momentum and support are gained. Goodman concludes with an astounding statistic: Because of the gender gap, women's families lose $200 billion each year. This statistic helps Goodman enforce the idea that although there are improvements afoot, "[. . .] half a cent a year just won't cut it.† I can honestly say that the first time or two I read the essay, I found it hard to formulate an opinion on the topic covered. At first, I thought that maybe Goodman was victimizing women and just complaining. But the more the class delved into the topic, the more I saw that it was truly a problem in our society. My mother has worked in the same printing factory for more than twenty years. She started at the age of eighteen, at the lowest position possible and has worked her way up to becoming the second-most powerful person in the plant. Her title is Production Supervisor and she is the only woman supervisor in the company. In fact, there are only a small number of women that are not working as temporary employees in her company.

Mystic Monk Coffee Essay

1. Has Father Daniel Mary established a future direction for the Carmelite Monks of Wyoming? What is his vision for the monastery? What is his vision for Mystic Monk Coffee? What is the mission of the Carmelite Monks of Wyoming? Father Daniel Mary Has Established a future direction for the Carmelite Monks of Wyoming. His vision for the monastery is to transform their small brotherhood of 13 living in a small home used as a makeshift rectory into a 500-acre monastery. His vision to acquire the Irma Lake Ranch for them to provide accommodations for 30 monks, have a retreat center for lay visitors, build a Gothic church, have a convent for Carmelite Nuns, and a hermitage. Father Daniel Mary’s vision for Mystic Monk Coffee is to minimize the effect of cloistered monastic constraints and for it to be a stronger source of income for the monks to acquire the Irma Lake Ranch. The Mission of the Carmelite monks of Wyoming is to be able to increase the number of monks to 30 who will live out their lives in the monastery who understands the reality of the vows of obedience, chastity, and poverty and the sacrifices associated with living a cloistered religious life. 2. Does it appear that Father Daniel Mary has set definite objectives and performance targets for achieving his vision? Father Daniel Mary has not set definite objectives and performance targets to achieve his vision. He and the monks have only made steps widening the reach of Mystic Monk Coffee but it is not enough to support the vision of acquiring Irma Lake Ranch. They have to establish specific programs to really widen the reach of Mystic Monk Coffee to have more consumers, thus increasing profit. Through this, they become more closer in achieving their vision of transforming their existing home to the â€Å"New Mount Carmel†. 3. What is Father Prior’s strategy for achieving his vision? What competitive advantage might Mystic Monk Coffee’s strategy produce? In achieving his vision, Father Prior seek the help of Carmelite Supporters in aiming to build a community for God. In doing so, his competitive advantage is having his Catholic supporters his target market thorough word of the mouth and through their website. With its appeal to its supporters in using â€Å"use their Catholic coffee dollar for Christ and his catholic church†, it encourages their supporter to not just support the cause but make them see it as a way of giving to Christ. 4. Is Mystic Monk Coffee’s strategy a money-maker? What is MMC’s business model? What is your assessment of Mystic Monk Coffee’s customer value proposition? its profit formula? its resources that enable it to create and deliver value to customers? Mystic Monk’s Coffee strategy is a money-maker. With the given overview of the coffee industry more than 150 million people consume coffee in the United States alone. Since 89% prefer to brew their coffees rather than purchase ready-to-drink coffee. With an 11% net profit rate the coffee business will surely increase over time. Mystic Monk Coffee business model is to increase their production by purchasing a larger roaster for their growing demand and selling wholesale coffee to local churches and coffee shops. Mystic Monks Coffee has good products that enable them to have a successful customer value proposition. Offering high-quality fair trade Arabica beans that produces a variety of flavors to their customers, they give their customers better options and an opportunity to their secular website operators commissions on its sales through its Mystic Monk Coffee Affiliate Program that placed web banner ads and text ads on participating websites and give them 18% commission. In conclusion their resources and plans not only enable them to create and deliver the value that their customers deserve but it is also a means for the Carmelites to support their community and their causes from the outside world. 5. Does the strategy qualify as a winning strategy? Why or why not? The strategy cannot be considered as a winning strategy. The coffee industry has been growing for the past seven years, and with Mystic Monk’s comparable  prices of coffee bags to the retail prices, Mystic Monk’s coffee can take advantage of this scenario to earn more profits to be able to expand their market and ultimately their business and acquire the land. Mystic Monk also made use of a low-cost advertising strategy where their coffees were promoted through word of mouth among their loyal customers and Catholic patrons and the use of their website, however they are only capturing the Catholic population. With their planned acquisition of a roaster with a larger capacity, Mystic Monk will be able to produce more coffee once demand in the future increases, hence the need for a more efficient market penetration. 6. What recommendations would you make to Father Daniel Mary in terms of crafting and executing strategy for the monastery’s coffee operations? Are changed needed in its long-term direction? its objectives? its strategy? its approach to strategy execution? Explain. We recommend Father Daniel Mary to expand the reach of their product. Apart from their aggressive online, telephone , church and local coffee shop sales, they should take advantage of supplying the coffee to restaurants, malls, supermarkets and bazaars. They could also set up a store in the monastery where people often go and can readily purchase the coffee. Considering that the Catholic population is the largest in the US, they can establish a group of people who are willing to volunteer and sell the coffee across the US. Through this, their belief is shared to the volunteers. Moreover, since it was mentioned that most of their time is spent on prayer or morning and Vesper services which limits the production time, they can hire help and also mask for volunteers who can replace them during these times for a more efficient production of coffee.

Amadeus essays

Amadeus essays It would be very easy for me as a reviewer to write that the film Amadeus was one of the best films I have ever seen, that it was a masterpiece worthy of exaltation and extensive reward. However, doing so would be agreeing with a vast majority simply because it is the popular opinion. Amadeus won eight academy awards, which makes it one of the most award winning films of all time but, unfortunately, awards do not make a film interesting. While watching Amadeus, I found myself often board and counting the seconds until the films 180 minutes would come to an end. The film Amadeus is false in the title itself. I was expecting this film to be about Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, however by the end of the film I came to believe that the film had been more about composer Antonio Salieri and his contempt for a God he had once loved and honored. Antonio Salieri had a dream of becoming the best composer in Vienna as well as the world. The music filled his soul like nothing else and he wanted nothing more than to create music that the world would appreciate. He asked that God work through him, that God give him this gift in exchange for his complete obedience and sacrifice of worldly things. He would give up women as well as all other vices, he would become a symbol of complete virtue in exchange for the gift he desired more that anything. About the same time that Salieri was growing up, another child was growing up with the same passion, a passion his father forced on him from a very young age. His talent was amazing and he started performing in courts at a very young age. Mozart would perfect his talent even more through the years until finally he was unmistakably the best in the world. Salieri continued to hear about Mozart and his talent until finally one day he came across him at one of his concert in the court. He foun d that not only was Mozart and extremely good composer but he was also vulgar and extremely child-like. ...

Words Containing -rupt

Words Containing -rupt Words Containing -rupt Words Containing -rupt By Mark Nichol One of the latest business buzzwords is disruption, referring to how technology-centered businesses are operating differently than their traditional counterparts, as when Lyft and Uber compete with taxi companies or Airbnb cuts into the lodging business (and the rental market). The metaphor of breaking away is apt, as disrupt, like any word with the root -rupt, has something to do with breaking or breaking out, because that syllable stems from the Latin verb rumpere, meaning â€Å"break.† (Disrupt literally means, with the elements reversed, â€Å"break apart.†) Abrupt refers to a sudden break or disconnection. (The ab- prefix, meaning â€Å"away† or â€Å"off,† is also seen in absent, absolute, and absorb.) To erupt is, literally, to break out or burst; the term originally was used in the context of disease and only later was applied to volcanic action. Rupture, too, originally had a medical connotation, referring to a bone fracture and later a hernia. Irruption, rare and sometimes confused with eruption, is actually an antonym of the latter word; it means â€Å"an instance of breaking in† or â€Å"an invasion.† To interrupt (literally, â€Å"break between†) originally was to commit a transgression: interfering with the legal right of another. Only later did it acquire a general connotation of breaking into or breaking in on. Two less obvious members of the -rupt family are corrupt, which came from a French word meaning â€Å"unhealthy† or â€Å"uncouth† (the prefix is a corruption of com-, meaning â€Å"with†) and bankrupt, which, acquired from Italian, essentially means â€Å"broken bench.† The metaphoric meaning of bankrupt actually has a literal origin: Banca was the term for a moneylender’s shop, and when the proprietor of such an establishment was financially ruined, the authorities broke his bench. Rout, meaning a disorderly retreat, and route, meaning a path or road (each is also employed as a verb), are related: A rout is an assembly or formation of people that is broken up, and a route is a road that breaks through the heretofore undisturbed countryside. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:45 Synonyms for â€Å"Food†Driver License vs. Driver’s LicenseThe Uses of â€Å"The†

Assignment Essay Example

Assignment Essay Example Assignment Essay Assignment Essay Introduction: Electronic commerce or e-business can be defined as the process of buying, selling, serving consumers, collaboration between business partners, transferring information and conducting electronic transaction within organisation via computer network. E-business transactions can be carried out between various parties. The common types of e-commerce tractions are as follows: * Collaborate commerce * Business-to-consumers (B2C) * Consumers to business (C2B) * Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) * Intra business commerce * Government to citizens (G2C) Government Business Person or consumer Supplier Business Partner Questions You are required to choose a (B2B, B2C, C2B or C2C) business and based on the history of the business in the last ten years answer the following four questions Q. No. 1 Applying at least five analytical tools in strategic management formulate a suitable E-business strategy for the company. Your proposed strategy should be based on your analysis, and supported by evaluation of your proposed approach, indicating its suitability for the organisation, and also its relation to the company’s business strategy Ans: I want to choose a Business to Customer Business topic for my assignment Business to customer (B2C) business: 1. Introduction: It is also known as e-tailing. In this type of e- business, the sellers are organisations and the Byers are individuals. It deals about various activities of business about products and services to consumers. It applies that selling of products or services to consumers by any organisation or business over their own use internet. E. g Dell, Amazon etc. Q. NO. 3 In relation to the company, evaluate the Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for E-business success in current economic downturn. ANS: To occupy high rank position in online shopping market it is very important for retailers to work hard and to analyze critical success favtors. Such factors are considered as critical because failure to excel any of them may cause considerable damage to the company. These factors include: * Develop customer’s trust: As the retailers take the responsibility of many business processes so it is very important to have customers trust over their retailers. * Developing personal websites for customers: It is very important to tailored individual customer. As for example: when you open the site of Amazon. om then it first greets personally to each individuals and offering a choice of products based upon personal preferences. * Providing a variety of a product: Customer wants varieties of each product. Therefore, online retailers must exceed to offer varieties of product to develop loyalty to the business. * Reliability and quality of the products: It is very important to provide reliable products with excellent quality too attract customers. * Competitive prices: The internet makes pricing visible to every customers so that customers can easily compares between the prices of same product from different retailers. Suitability of available information: Available information should be used in effective ways and try to make it commercially attractive. * Creating suitable payment procedure: Retailers should give more emphasis in payment method and make it easy and error free. There are also many success factors for the development and sustainability of e-business such as: * Technology infrastructure: It includes suitability of the software with other specific software systems. It should be reliable and able to perform with large numbers of members. * Income Stream: There have been various business models to explain how e-marketplace makes profit which are related to services in various markets, commission on trades etc. * Transition administration system: Software of e-business is responsible to carryout payments and contracts appropriately and helps to manage membership services. * Participants: It is generally assumed that, it is better to motivate existing suppliers and customers rather than to involve new participants. Moreover, the existence of any e-business is entirely depends upon its number of members. So that it is considered as major issues. * Fulfilment of participant needs: The success or failure of any e-business can be analysed whether or not they become able to satisfy their participants. An e-business that become able to satisfy their participants are considered as successful e-business. * Relationship management: It is very important factor to develop and maintain trust between the participants of the market place. * Security: It is very important to maintain a security in relation to financial transactions and in the confidential information.

Detailed research proposal-Role of social media on the 2011 london Essay

Detailed research proposal-Role of social media on the 2011 london riots - Essay Example In recent years, since the dawn of the Arab Spring, it has also become a means of informing the public about political issues and of rallying the public towards collective action. This was very much apparent in 2011 when various riots and demonstrations were organized, spurred on, and won with the primary help of social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter. The so-called Facebook Revolution was seen in Egypt when various demonstrations against the ruling government were staged by the general population with the help of Facebook. This was also seen in London in 2011 from August 6-11 when various events led to various demonstrations in the British capital. During the riots and demonstrations, many of those participating did not cover their faces, even posing for pictures while they made off with stolen goods and posting them in the social networking sites (BBC, 2011). There are different theories which would help explain the impact of the social media on the 2011 London riots. On e of these theories includes the social movement theory which indicates a useful foundation in understanding the movement of individuals with the end goal of managing collective actions and problems relating to individual movement participation (Dewey, et.al., 2012). This theory presents a context upon which the role of the social media can be further understood. Political struggles can manifest in different incarnations, including protest, collective action and contention (Tilly, 2011). Protests express shared ideals which are often observed in street politics. For collective action, this occurs where a specific group shares interests and acts based on such interests. Finally, contention includes making claims with parties also making demands affecting collective interests. The social movement theory argues that communities having strong network ties are more likely to go through collective actions as compared with those having weak ties. Strong social ties in networks often enable initial calls for participation in social movements, and later they ease the way towards participation as they decrease issues in mobilization. McAdam and Paulsen (1993) also argue that strong social ties help recruit individuals, as well as serve as effective communication tools in spreading messages for social movements across networks. To a large extent, just as the social media was used to draw in more participants, the social media also became a tool by which these rioters were apprehended for their illegal actions. The utility of the social media worked both ways (Denef, et.al., 2013). Cases of looting and vandalism were actually resolved by the police by looking through Flickr and Facebook, looking through galleries of pictures in order to identify perpetrators. Most of the riots were also organized and triggered through Twitter. At some point, Twitter was described as a tool for promoting gang violence (Williams, 2011). However, evidence also indicates that the riots were i nspired by postings based on daily news from the media (Williams, 2011). Based on these circumstances, it would be logical to conclude that the social media has had a major role in the outcome of the 2011 London riots. The impact here refers to how the social media has helped in spreading word-of-mouth, impacting on the largest number of

Rewrite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Rewrite - Essay Example The brand name is developed from the words architecture and Cymru, which is Wales in Welsh. This brand name will help us expand within the local Welsh market, which enhances the company’s ability to become a premier Welsh firm. We wish to take advantage of the increased investment in Wales’ construction sector by seeking for funds through our brand name. Although the brand name seeks to establish our company in the local market, our wider objective is to become a major firm in Europe with the capacity of executing major architectural projects within the continent and the rest of the world. Within the first three to five years of our operations, the company will operate as a private limited company with each shareholder having equal rights. Thereafter, the company will liquidity or offer some of the shares to the public through an initial public offering with the company becoming a public limited company although this objective is based on the long-term achievements of company and its success as reassessed in the long-run. Through various milestones in infrastructural designs, Wales’s construction industry plays an important role in the development and growth of the local economy while considering various environmental and societal issues. Economical estimates indicate that the industry contributes about 10% to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Each year, estimated investments in the sector are likely to be about  £2.3 billion with the industry experiencing high competition, as there are around 12,000 construction firms in the sector. Despite the stiff competition, the industry experiences a wide range of specializations. Concerning the labor force benefiting from the industry, industrial estimates indicate that over 100,000 workers are employed by the industry and they range from various construction professions such as architecture, builders, engineers, surveyors, maintenance groups, and other companies that restore and

Online relationships vs offline relationships Research Paper

Online relationships vs offline relationships - Research Paper Example This research attempts to explore the question of how traditional relationships have changed, and compares online relationships with traditional face-to-face relationships. A study was conducted to understand clearly how romantic online relationships are created the nature of these relationships how they compare with the traditional relationships and the possible effects that they have on the existing face-to-face relationships. In an online survey, interview established that 98 per cent of the respondents formed relationships online through text-based games (McKenna et al. 11). From a randomly selected newsgroup, 51 percent of respondents made close relationships and 35 per cent established romantic relationships. Most of those who form online romantic relationships are educated men in professional occupations, they are 35 years and above, most of them are married with two or more children. In addition, research shows that, 70 % of the people who engage in an online relationship have a full time employment, 28% are students and 2% are retired (McKenna et al. 20). Majority are college students with a few high school students. Notably, many men engage in an online relationship because of their social role of being the first to make a move in romantic relationships. Most of them are attracted to online relationship because; it enables them to develop a relationship in an organic way (McKenna et al. 25). A relationship that develops with little pressure, and one which starts due to emotions and not just a meager contact. According to Underwood and Findlay, social interactions through the internet resemble the traditional face-to-face interactions although the behavior of people who are dating online tends to be different from those dating offline (135). The researchers established this by asking the respondents whether they have engaged in certain actives with people whom they date online and

The company man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The company man - Essay Example Phil got along well with those working for him, some of whom the company may consider for his replacement. Upon his demise, Phil left his wife Hellen, who the author describes as a lovely woman having no necessary skills for work. She gave up working and resorted to taking care of the children. However, Hellen seems less bothered by Phil’s death because, to her, Phil was married to his work but not her. The surviving sons of Phil seem to have no connection with him before his death. The eldest son searches information about his father’s nature from the neighbors and the answer he gets â€Å"his dad was an embarrassment.† Phil’s girl uses to view him mockingly and choose to live near her mom. The youngest son was Phil’s favorite. At his funeral, the company president describes Phil as hardworking and a difficult man to replace. Just the evening after his funeral, the president was already organizing Phil’s replacement. The story is ironical in that it depicts Phil as hardworking yet the same work made him alienated from his family and social life. Ideally, â€Å"The company man,† is a story that illustrates the actual nature of corporate

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 8

Research Paper Example The OFCCP is assisting the Department of Labor (DOL) like three other major programs Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs, Office of Labor Management Standards, Office of Workers Compensation Programs and the Wage and Hour Division to address the diverse employment, compensation and labor issues. Assessed on the Porter’s framework OFCCP competitive advantage was found satisfactory based on the services offered to the society and the level of its performance as compared to other services providers in the market. Businesses registered with federal government have a contractual binding to ensure compliance with government resolve to provide equal opportunities of employment to all job seekers and wage earner. The purpose of Office of the Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) is to ensure that businesses are fulfilling the contractual requirements with Federal Government. OFCCP may also assist businesses for compliance through a variety of steps that may include technical assistance, compliance evaluations, reconciliations, monitoring and assistance in the recruitment of skilled and qualified workers. Moreover, OFCCP will ensure enforcement of law in case of contract violation and will provide relief to victims. (DOL, 2011) The most difficult management challenge is to provide the compliance assistance to OFCCP clients. These clients may include employers, workers, job seekers, wage earners and retired individuals. Providing such assistance to the clients is challenging because it needs to get in touch with each individual and provide him with the professional advice in the light of laws administered by the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs. The subjectivity in each case may need detailed deliberations and insight into the case before the management can ascertain the onus and degree of discrimination committed, penalty of

Summarizing Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summarizing - Article Example The article also deals with the idea of government subsidies in funding research projects and comes up with the finding that government subsidies often harm the poor and the middle classes more than they help them. The practice of providing subsidies is more often than not, according to the writer, justified using the rhetoric of unemployment and the need to provide more work to American companies. This is not however, what the character Dave argues for. He looks at the negligible difference that a fall in demand in the American market would create in the world market and puts into perspective the influence that tariffs imposed by the government could have on producing more jobs. He looks at the problems with introducing a tariff against foreign-produced goods as Ed says (Protection). The idea of free trade that Dave argues for is more often than not refuted by proponents of government intervention citing the reason of ‘fair trade’. This implies the ability of firms with in a country to be protected against the onslaught of foreign companies that may have more money and power (Edge). However, providing subsidies may not push down the price of goods in the local economy. They would not benefit the local consumer. Apart from this, there is also no data available to substantiate the argument that local businesses would be at an advantage as their cost of production may still be higher than that of the foreign company. To increase the tariff to an extent where the foreign firms would not be able to compete would take jobs away from the American market rather than boost the economy. The difference in price would be transferred on to the local consumers. Dave also warns about the possibility of other countries imposing equally large taxes on American firms. This would lead to greater problems in the long run for the American economy and its people. There is also the possibility of there being lobbies that affect the government’s decisions. Much of the tariffs that are imposed on products are based on the political power and influence that local firms have rather than the economic wisdom of the decision. The people who suffer amidst all of this are the taxpayers. The idea of free trade involves the assumption that what is required by a particular consumer would be provided by the market according to the laws of demand and supply (Rothbard â€Å"Free Market†). The idea of free trade is then in direct conflict with the ideas of protectionism which let certain elements have an advantage based on the support of the government. This is unsustainable in a free market in a globalized setup as it would lead to the kind of problems that are detailed above. The existence of two systems in conflict with each other can only prove to be disastrous in the long run. The adverse impact of such a policy can be seen in the economic slump that is experienced by Japan at this point of time (Rothbard â€Å"Protectionism and the Destruction of Prosperity†). The policies that are created according to such ideologies more often than not end up harming large sections of the taxpaying population in the country. The article illustrates the problems with the kind of funding that is provided by the government to private concerns. The essay suggests that they end up benefitting certain individuals while causing greater harm to the middle classes. The money that they pay is used for such funding; however, the benefits are reaped by the richest sections of

The company man Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The company man - Essay Example Phil got along well with those working for him, some of whom the company may consider for his replacement. Upon his demise, Phil left his wife Hellen, who the author describes as a lovely woman having no necessary skills for work. She gave up working and resorted to taking care of the children. However, Hellen seems less bothered by Phil’s death because, to her, Phil was married to his work but not her. The surviving sons of Phil seem to have no connection with him before his death. The eldest son searches information about his father’s nature from the neighbors and the answer he gets â€Å"his dad was an embarrassment.† Phil’s girl uses to view him mockingly and choose to live near her mom. The youngest son was Phil’s favorite. At his funeral, the company president describes Phil as hardworking and a difficult man to replace. Just the evening after his funeral, the president was already organizing Phil’s replacement. The story is ironical in that it depicts Phil as hardworking yet the same work made him alienated from his family and social life. Ideally, â€Å"The company man,† is a story that illustrates the actual nature of corporate

Summarizing Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summarizing - Article Example The article also deals with the idea of government subsidies in funding research projects and comes up with the finding that government subsidies often harm the poor and the middle classes more than they help them. The practice of providing subsidies is more often than not, according to the writer, justified using the rhetoric of unemployment and the need to provide more work to American companies. This is not however, what the character Dave argues for. He looks at the negligible difference that a fall in demand in the American market would create in the world market and puts into perspective the influence that tariffs imposed by the government could have on producing more jobs. He looks at the problems with introducing a tariff against foreign-produced goods as Ed says (Protection). The idea of free trade that Dave argues for is more often than not refuted by proponents of government intervention citing the reason of ‘fair trade’. This implies the ability of firms with in a country to be protected against the onslaught of foreign companies that may have more money and power (Edge). However, providing subsidies may not push down the price of goods in the local economy. They would not benefit the local consumer. Apart from this, there is also no data available to substantiate the argument that local businesses would be at an advantage as their cost of production may still be higher than that of the foreign company. To increase the tariff to an extent where the foreign firms would not be able to compete would take jobs away from the American market rather than boost the economy. The difference in price would be transferred on to the local consumers. Dave also warns about the possibility of other countries imposing equally large taxes on American firms. This would lead to greater problems in the long run for the American economy and its people. There is also the possibility of there being lobbies that affect the government’s decisions. Much of the tariffs that are imposed on products are based on the political power and influence that local firms have rather than the economic wisdom of the decision. The people who suffer amidst all of this are the taxpayers. The idea of free trade involves the assumption that what is required by a particular consumer would be provided by the market according to the laws of demand and supply (Rothbard â€Å"Free Market†). The idea of free trade is then in direct conflict with the ideas of protectionism which let certain elements have an advantage based on the support of the government. This is unsustainable in a free market in a globalized setup as it would lead to the kind of problems that are detailed above. The existence of two systems in conflict with each other can only prove to be disastrous in the long run. The adverse impact of such a policy can be seen in the economic slump that is experienced by Japan at this point of time (Rothbard â€Å"Protectionism and the Destruction of Prosperity†). The policies that are created according to such ideologies more often than not end up harming large sections of the taxpaying population in the country. The article illustrates the problems with the kind of funding that is provided by the government to private concerns. The essay suggests that they end up benefitting certain individuals while causing greater harm to the middle classes. The money that they pay is used for such funding; however, the benefits are reaped by the richest sections of

Rethinking Marketing Essay Example for Free

Rethinking Marketing Essay Companies today have technology that enables them to interact directly with customers. Firms must make use of this technology to focus on customer needs and develop into customer-oriented companies rather than product oriented ones. In order to facilitate this change a change in the company’s strategies as well as structure becomes necessary. This change includes reinventing the organizations marketing department entirely. One such change in strategy involves customer cultivation. Companies must move from being traditional companies to customer cultivating companies. A customer cultivating company is one that focuses on individual or small groups of customers as opposed to a traditional company that focuses on the mass. Many firms today are trying to make this strategy work. For example IBM, Tesco and American express. Next we come to change in structure, which involves reorganizing the marketing department. * Firstly CMOs must be replaced by CCOs (chief customer officer). The CCO’s job is to plan and implement the firms customer relationship strategy and supervise all customer-facing functions. * Secondly under the CCO will work the customer managers who identify the customer’s needs and direct brand mangers to fulfill those needs. * Customer- facing functions: some functions such as the customer relationship management that forms a part of the IT department must be made a part of the customer department. CRM (a tool for gauging customer needs and behavior) contains the data needed to implement customer cultivation strategy and hence essentially forms a part of the customer department. * Market research: market research changes to become more customer focused as well. * Research and Development: marketing and RD must be integrated so that the customer itself can be brought into the process of designing products. * Customer service: the customer department must handle this service to ensure both quality and building long-term relationships with customers. With change in strategy there comes a need to change the measures that gauge the effectiveness of the strategy as well. These changes in measures are as follows: * Product profitability to customer profitability * Current sales to customer lifetime value * Brand equity to customer equity * And lastly market share to customer equity share. All in all the article considers reinventing the strategies and structure of companies to make them focus on building lasting customer relations rather that building brands.

A Study Of Change Management At Mcdonalds Commerce Essay

A Study Of Change Management At Mcdonalds Commerce Essay McDonalds  is one of the biggest food organisation in the world, and  has  established its own operating restaurants and its franchises   which is  about  28,700  selling points  in 110 countries.  Another most important aspect is  Food business is  much interested  among  young adults,  children  and  adolescents.  Therefore,  The Company  provides an enjoyable environment to their customers which is very secure and safe  where  all of their customers spend to  joyfully and they can get less expensive  food in a clean installation  as well as the food company offers a unique interior  designs and its own inner clown  (Debre, 2005).  Furthermore,  McDonalds  put tremendous  efforts to  maintain  healthy  relationships with its  suppliers and  franchisees.  The organisation continuously enhancing their services, supporting timely management and its capital operations to their partners. Therefore, this makes  its   suppliers and  the franchisees  loyalty  I think, this kind of strategies will make their partners involve more effectively in work to achieve the organisation goals  (Aswathappa, 2006).  However, the food corporation  continuously  works with innovative  ideas  towards the needs and  to grow during the operation without problems (Russell and  Gubman,  2006).  In this research paper, I  am determined to find out  key strengths and challenges of  managing change  at Mc Donalds and will present a comprehensive documentation by discussing an important areas with examples about How this food company managed  to survive  competitively  in the  global  business environment. The most surprising news is that from over 110 countries everyday approximately about 53 million customers eat at McDonalds. Although McDonalds  has huge private  franchisees to its chain of  restaurants. However I think, the core management  functions  play a vital role to determine the success of the any organisation.  Therefore, i would like to take an opportunity to  discuss how  the core functions influencing the organisational management with the impact of  globalization  such as  controlling, directing, organising and  planning. McDonald is constantly leading as a present and future leader in the global food business environment.  At the same time, it is very important that the company must have to focus on international and local investment and trade as this food corporation working more than in 100 countries. Moreover,  the company should keep utilizing creative and new technologies to enhance  the business and to promote  new solutions and products to sustain  its  position as a global business leader in food business.  Furthermore, McDonalds should look at  its  common goal and also, take care of  publicity and  Customers  satisfaction. The demands McDonald, McDonald strongly urge for what he strongly component McDonald should win for that diversity with McDonalds is thinking about the meet. With a daily reach of every culture daily scope McDonald McDonalds just about access to almost all cultures, which many operations ambiguous / moral issues is clearly working. To solve more complex than the wider dissemination of a culture growing demand for spreading culture and morality. In this letter, we will examine how / external / internal factors impact the McDonalds impact of globalization, technology, innovation, diversity, one of four work ethics affect management. Globalization is the process of interaction and integration between people, companies and governments of various n ations. It is a process driven by international trade and investment and international assistance is aided by technology. It affects the environment around the world, around the culture in society, political systems and affects the welfare of human betterment. Purpose    Goals and objectives The purpose of this report for the purpose of change for an integrated portfolio of integrated change McDonalds McDonalds is present. The purpose of this study was found outside the driver for this purpose, the local fast food joint to identify the causes of change and this will be achieved through and insects. With analysis of the region I field army insect. It is also to identify and study the kinds of changes facing McDonalds McDonalds exchange rate I justify the purpose of SS cause. In addition, management of change within the repo repo I T IT change management process will introduce the McDonald McDonald, contextual change model using model reference currency. A number of books, magazines and newspapers to magazines to prepare this report information collected was deposited. The report will be divided into several sections and will include a summary of findings and recommendations is also as well as the findings and conclusions. Collection and interpretation: The need for change Now this report analysis of an insect plague, force field analysis force for change in the operational reasons will be identified. McDonald. McDonalds policy is that U.S.A.A. politicians were invited by the U.S.A.A. government to ensure the health of their customers are. The company admitted that their suppliers have some heavy promotion of development roughly antibiotic chicken, beef and pork through the use of antibiotic drugs were stimulants. These chemicals were shown to be harmful is harmful to human health and food giant to help the authorities to curb the practice is said. McDonalds has asked the suppliers to the meat industry to eliminate or phase out businesses lose custom. Company for the Ethical Treatment of Animals is working with people, animals and took the checkered (Greider, 2003) are killed reform. McDonalds has faced its share in the management of its activities have had to face difficulties. How about discussing the issue of using McDonalds uses and how to manage their stock before the last work of its new stock management system the company benefited their implementation. Securities business will benefit. To manage stock efficiently, it requires a balance of meeting customers needs is needed between reducing waste. After customers to reduce waste. The last element of the demand for accurate prediction is that food need not be done by forecasting threw away rejected once more efficient and often not be efficient control should be controlling shares of stock of raw material. However, it can be hard as a customer, because customer preferences often change. The McDonalds need to focus on product expansion and many products are produced To reduce waste and become more challenging and are less focused. difficult. All companies face business challenges every day. Major challenges facing McDonalds stock management of. Stock list management. List Management Meeting customers need to create a balance between customers, while at the same time together to reduce waste whilst. Lack of waste: is: First, the stock was taken care of restaurant knowledge and information by using first and restaurant managers participated. The great amount of time because mangers cribs demand forecast spend. This prophecy. Also, its going one way and not one easy account and other factors (seasonal changes changes, holidays) do not have. In 2004, McDonalds McDonald implement a new stock management team as the Restaurant Supply Planning Department Planning Department offers restaurant called shares was launched. Team, local restaurant, local restaurant managers, many factors that affect many stocks, including many in communicating with the demand expected in the forecast system to predict the menu items. To ensure that content is used only new stock always used, but were mangers McDonald, fifo method uses cribs to address McDonalds stock. Meet different people. Stock action is needed to be done for the management of various types were a.Raw content. Former content. Example: vegetables, meat, packaging Progress in b.Work. Goods are in the process of becoming a finished product that is being converted into products c.Finished products. The products of these items are ready for sale venda Management system using the stock list, stock enough for McDonalds was able to ensure safe enough stock was available when needed. Use Porters competitive forces model Porter to gain a competitive advantage 1. A good model to analyze competitive position analysis McDonalds that are living within your industry estimates using the known model Porters    Porters five forces model to analyze the competitive forces including the need. Analyzed. These forces include the intensity of rivalry from competitors are the traditional rivalries, new market entrants to the market risk, options and threats products or services, bargaining power of customers and suppliers Laudon (Laudon, 2007) the bargaining power. See picture below; Traditional competitors (competitive rivalry) McDonalds    Traditional rivals, competition, rivalry () McDonalds fast food shops traditional competitors other restaurants across the country, namely, ie including the number, Burger King, Taco Bell, C, F, is Wendy. Wendys. This is shown Professor Michael (2004) Waterson was demonstrated by the presence of a Burger King, for example, the likelihood that growth will be open from McDonalds McDonalds. It this way. So you have seen can be seen that the risk of more intense competition from traditional rivals, but never do. Quality Internationally for the quality of McDonalds McDonalds quality reputation is known. It is known. It is particularly unusual, unique, because the highest quality standards are maintained at very reasonable prices. When you eat McDonalds, McDonalds customers expect high quality food and food service. Ensures that customer expectations McDonald McDonalds are all met. Only the best best quality food products is not guaranteed that they serve the food to ensure quality standards are met and fulfilled any hot food hot and fresh that fresh, is served is not. Keys for quality submitted by a manager for McDonalds is TLC tender love and care, where all efforts are motivated directed to maintain this quality standard. Why one needs a change was necessary In the past, orders were served individual stock orders restaurant managers had the responsibility of managers. Restaurant, ordered the stock. Using their local knowledge Sort by stock, and as well as data from the shop sold the last days, weeks and months. For example, if last weeks sales figures revealed last week they were selling coffee that sold 100 units and net sales were up 10% increase, he expects this week to sell 110 units is expected. New System In 2004, McDonalds list of restaurant management, restaurant supply scheme known as the Department shares a central role in the ceremony started Planning Department provides a specialist. The team with the restaurant manager, restaurant communications computer regularly on a regular basis to detect Learn about local events. Teams new planning and forecasting system based on these factors makes (Manugistics is called) for the menu item over the possibility of forecasting the demand forecast (Mac egBig MACS egBig). This case study looks at how McDonalds check through their management systems and gain share is operating its activities has been successful. However, none involved a simple way to calculate and account factors such as national promotion or national school holidays is to take. The restaurant manager restaurant manager, a very long long time, leaving less time for the quality of restaurant food, service and cleanliness to focus on. Economic Accommodation: Increase in the number of children in the 1950s due to increased per capita income. This time saw a good economic period in the number of suburbs in the United States increased U.S.A.A. growth districts and encouraged to increase the series promotes dissemination chain restaurants like McDonalds restaurant. The company has opened restaurants in convenient locations where families in the performance of their car very cheap fast food meal can Debres ((Debre, 2005). McDonalds restaurants in the U.S.A. by the number present in a large number of American suburbs and in 1965 the company decade of 1970 to avoid locations within the city center locations avoided. The company has gone outside the U.S.A.A in 1967 move into the U.S.A.A. and Canada and came to Puerto Rico. It raided in Europe and later forayed revealed that this address will not be successful if it continues to successfully work in the suburbs. This has been a commercial business development Europes main markets in Europe suburbs and central cities (Debres city (Debre, 2005) did. Social: During 1950 and 1960 McDonalds increased its popularity increased in the decade when the U.S.A.A. changed in my lifestyle change and the pleasures of post-war period began. The high number of Americans have decided that more children have chosen and a common three or more families of children with visual spectacle visited. McDonald family is oriented towards the market and focus young children, adolescents and young adults (Debres Debre, 2005) has focused on attracting. Today, customers receive the visit of these places appreciate food joints to eat a sense of freedom they think they see in convenience at a time step. Young established. Young Adult Self concept and self-service with minimum adult are very happy about the adults who have contact with a minimum in the restaurant. Customers also enjoy the noise fun, comfortable environment and McDonalds restaurants (Debres Debre, 2005) a bright color. Technical Technology McDonald to face difficult times during the late 1900s 1900 season and was quickly -2000 late 2000. The car company in the leadership of their products and services focus on product innovation. Company to bring these changes to beat the competition to control and maintain market created. McDonalds has increased focus on customers and asked people to invite new ideas. These ideas are turned into new products and processes and the company, launched a new mantra in action: a guess, start small and scale fast Gubman (and Russell, 2006). The company has set up shop with a model number with a number one in the kitchen cooking produced a warehouse. New product and process innovation and tried and tested in some restaurant experts to participate in peer test. This helped them to Market a new product Gubman (unching and Russell, 2006 LA first menu test) Force Field    Analysis Group Field Lewins    Field Force identified problems Lewin analysis helps to identify and planned efforts to change organizations in the deployment of the deployment. The analysis for the driving force behind both change and resistance (Harwell, 2000) recognizes the changing forces. Force Field Analysis Group Field Resistance to change driving force resistance Resistance to change: We all know that people are generally resistant to change. Less often from the comfort of familiar challenge of the unknown is acceptable palatability. Home. When human organization a human face to talk constituent components are confronted with new ways to adopt, it is not surprising that they can be very uncooperative co. It is said that most people resist change this song Most people that have not been successful in their opposition to any change pockets. Your pocket. For resistance may be rational or emotional sources of change, but the fact is that if early elections in the first phase of the protest did not cause serious problems if the major focus in the organization, as well as in implemented, says the change, as quoted by Maurer correct claims resistance kills change .. Therefore,    So a first step in the management of change because people change and opposition know. Some of them happen, can not not like them can change the choice: uncertainty with negative impact on the interests alleged eagerly reported discomfort; Attachment established culture / talk to / following methods; alleged psychological contract alleged bleach , lack, lack of confidence that change, lack of need required; what is expected as the lack of clarity, confidence in expectations, a significant change being that the proposed change is unfair, faith, believe that while the weather is wrong .s bad. Excessive change, cumulative adaptation, The cumulative effect of changes in the lives of others, in the lives of others admitted, alleged encounter with ethics, reaction, reactions to the experience of past changes, disagreements like how they are managing Disagree with change is managed, etc. is going. Order., Some of the strategy to overcome some resistance, such as education, education and communication can be used, participation, partnership and participation, convenience, convenience and assistance, discussion, dialogue and compromise, manipulation, manipulation and cooperation, clear clear and ambiguous rape etc. and Jaffe Scott, according to the resistance that is one step away from that person when people start their ends and as a past and their potential role ability to pay more confident that those who face the future For the best strategy to use partnered Use participation to reduce resistance is to reduce resistance to change. Change. Once people believe that change is necessary, and that change in terms of doing the right changes, your right, this time with the implementation and sustainability of changes to move forward. Implementation    Few problems easily implemented without income, but Kurts Force Field Analysis Lewin Lewin great help in implementing the changes can be very helpful. Step 3 to change the process of change Lewin has, these are steps Unfreezing The current state of the company present - descongelacions ; making, change use; refreezing , refreeze in the company because its new desired state so as members work and her previous role of behavior and behavior on paper is not returned. Then comes the last final stage where changes are consolidated. A McDonalds food for some communities accepted food standards (Debres Standard (Debre, 2005). B. late for McDonalds that of 1990 lasted for decades in the business quickly -2000 faced recession faced recession. Income gains were dipping diving, and competition Gubman (and Russell, 2006) was increasing. A McDonalds management McDonalds until they change their product with a very constant opposition to (Debres, Debre had refused to face opposition, 2005). B. 1990 McDonalds leaders capable way out of recession in the decade of business to solve problems arising contraction result were not able to locate. Only operations only company, focusing on distribution, and concentrate costs and customers did not pay much attention on customer needs. The company should not be devalued their Brand, but a degree of regional variation to allow local clients Gubman (attracting and Russell, 2006). McDonald McDonalds restaurant to change local cultures are known for their needs must. The company changed its business to modify its methods and optimization does not like foreign cultures (Debres Debre, 2005) is not conducive to. Strong change Organizational change process in an organizations resources to help test, the organization reviews its strengths and its weaknesses and. For those involved in change management, managing the biggest one of the biggest challenges to try to try to ensure that change is not just a temporary phase. Therefore, a permanent one for something to stop it going to be new and different from common usage and to be seen as, it should be, but for those newcomers to the organizations general condition became normal . organization. Thats why it should become an integral part of day to day work. everyday work. Types of organizational change O rganizational Change Type: The four types of organizational change model, there is a description of four types of organizational change model described by S. Nadler et al (1995) are: Tuning, reorientation, adaption or re orientation, re-creation or adaptation (Jain, 2005) that . These models now have 4 reports describing the report describes and models that McDonalds. McDonalds is being used by identity. Tuning    Authors description as the most common type of transition model tuning adjustments. Tuning is also at least, fast and least risky. The following companies less risky. Such type of model predictions and the companies learn to avoid problems should stop. They should not just wait for the bus is expected to go before they do something wrong that some appropriate action in any appropriate has decided to fix. example, for example, dupont a client program has adopted to promote their customer marketing efforts. Under this program the company themselves blue collar workers said that their clients once a month Visit clients. This was discussed during the visit were to employees needs customers and customers in their dupont factory act as representative. This approach is very different from the traditional model, where companies usually customers usually expect complaints from customers, and try to wait for them to heal when they try to achieve a complaint (Jain, 2005). Optimization To some extent the model of organizational change organizational model is similar to tuning adjustments. However, the model problems of companies in foreign companies, or in response to pressure changes in their organization to implement. Example, for instance, General Motors and Chrysler quite experienced great change their strategy after Ford was under pressure was a great success with aerodynamic styling. Design. This success led both companies to expand their product lines to effectively compete with larger competition with Chrysler did (Jain, 2005). Reorientation    The rate of change of such changes in business strategy reorientation and some anticipation. Even as researchers Researchers organizations bending structure as frame bending model to include this type of model should be mentioned is important redirected. However, funnel. However, companies should not have to completely break from their past and only a few relevant changes apply. This approach to a fast food companies to come with a little creativity to your customers (Jain, 2005) is between reaching very popular among people. Re-creation is the model of organizational changes to bring the most intense and high-risk types have been identified type. These changes began as common as common due to the high pressure is a strong contender. For example, Mercedes is trying very hard to make great in the U.S.A.A. are the two most rapidly growing areas sharply increase its footprint effort. America. The companys attractive market for light trucks, minivans market and a market share is and want to introduce minivans and four wheel drive sports utility vehicles, sport utility (Jain, 2005) vehicles. Analysis of this discussion shows that using McDonalds McDonalds reorientation reorientation model is changed .. Not change its entire business strategy is not great food, but for some reforms of his business success in new markets Debres (This ensures Debre, 2005). Management    Change Management Process Although researchers know that I changed a stable S, He, who recently have begun to understand the dynamics change. Principles for managing change. Are still in theory of change management is emerging and existing companies are currently testing a number of series and error using the address change process (Mclagan McLagan, 2002) procedures to deal with. One popular model of change is changing Lewins three steps: unfreeze, transition, infection Refreeze. Refrozen. The first phase includes steps to open more employees to change and reduce her anxiety level. In this stage, employees begin to get ready to become a more ready to hear about new changes listen. The second phase includes early employees, which can be done on trust by human resource professionals or professional managers involved in introducing new ideas or human resources department. The final phase of development at the end of stage employees change their behavior in organizational behavior and tax Weick (and agreed to a ccept the staff include Quinn, 1999). McDonalds to use this model can apply major changes in the organization of relevant McDonalds management. The first company that already describe the benefits of employees may change gradually implementing changes in facilities and staff to persuade workers to use new policies and practices. Thus doing so, the new company will quickly adjust to new areas in local culture. Too. Similarly, it would be better, will the company compete with other players in the market equipped. Human Resources Human Resource Department for the company with the objective of which is the effect that employees are advised of changes to optimize organizations can use to adjust the lawyer can. Summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations Research clearly shows that despite the huge popularity McDonald met, this McDonalds, which still needs to be changed continuously Gubman (and Russell, 2006) to enhance change. Pest analysis organization that monitors the conduct of companies reflects the political pressure on the pest companies .. McDonalds to ensure access to healthy food policies for obtaining raw materials should ensure procurement of materials and their uses changed suppliers when necessary (required Greider, 2003). The company has received U.S.A.A. economic success in America but in Europe it is a different European market-driven (Debres Debre, 2005) should have. Thus, management must recognize that the business model may not be applicable in all areas of the world. Their environment, their atmosphere so high customer company (Debres Debre, 2005)) will not change is not appreciated by, but to consistently maintain their products and services and maintain a new Gubman (living and should Russells , 2006). Army forces also showed resistance to change as McDonalds McDonalds management changes introduced only when faced by opposition consistently shows analysis of the field analysis. The company should immediately adopt a foreign culture and customer focus more on customers ((Debre, 2005) Debres needs. As noted above discussed, the companys organizational model of organizational change model type reorientation as is using and will use Lewin Lewins three stages of the process of change uilitzeu necessary changes in relevant organizations Weick (to receive and bring Quinn, 1999). Challenges: Despite their efforts, still remains Britains McDonalds McDonalds unhealthy food, increase in obesity in Britain associated with employment growth and employment, without prospects, need time Word image constructed by the organization. Organization. His nationally recognized for its ability accredited diploma through the development of staff training efforts, QCA is valid, refuses to recognize them has been compromised by universities refused to recognize. Books and films, promotional films McDonald McDonalds which is the target of severe criticism of the negative aspects of the organizations propaganda. Organization. Company healthy company, options thats healthy criticism has been criticized, for example in salad dressing, high fat content for a salad .. McDonald has seen the McDonalds instigated litigation petition, because the companys electric power generation companys financial public legal proceedings was considered aggressive. Outlook: McDonalds as a small short-term approach, because it is positive McDonalds has responded to consumer demand and provides a comprehensive expansion of its territory affected by the recession hit a low cost to get takeaway option provides is. Company image and appeal of the problem has been addressed that attract consumers to a wider scope wider range offering a larger increase in business. Instead of expanding into new areas to expand the existing market development through moving step plan to develop, with opportunities in emerging markets economies, due to, for example, increased use of car to drive cars, use restaurant through more premium. Overall, in general, a good organization organization works to expand your business potential margin expansion and broadening its offer through the covered areas is already ambivalent. Conclusion McDonald McDonald for their products and services constantly change constantly to stay ahead of the competition put Gubman (and Russell, 2006) is. The company must meet soon for the local market is very conducive to attract local customers that you more easily accepted in this area can. Phase three phases of Lewins model of change in the mindset of bringing Lewin model can be achieved McDonald Weick (and Quinn, 1999 age old stereotypical thinking management of McDonalds management). His view can replace with contemporary theories can, but they can protest and are sticking like, old ways of customs operations tend to live with. But still, this change will benefit the organization in a very long term, as the globalization of the market and more players can change may have begun reluctantly For the development of the company proved the companys market is fatal.

Ethnography: Ainu Essay example -- Cultural Anthropology

Ethnography: Ainu Worldview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Ainu, Japan’s native aboriginal people, are very much an isolated people, living now only in the northern island of Japan, Hokkaido. They number, as of a 1984 survey, 24,381, continuing a rise from a low point in the mid nineteenth century due to forced labor and disease, and have largely left their old ways and integrated into standard Japanese society, though even the majority of those still reside in Hokkaido. The animistic religion of the Ainu is firmly enmeshed with every other aspect of the culture. Family and Kinship   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most Ainu organize in groups of nuclear families, the nuclear family being the basic social unit (Encyclopedia). Some groups, however, have extended families, but are not as common. Families are both patrilineal and matrilineal, the sons inheriting the father’s clan and the daughters inheriting the mother’s clan (. Both males and females do not marry cousins, but only from their mother’s family (Encyclopedia). Also, polygyny is practiced by the higher-status males in a community (Encyclopedia). During the bear ritual, relatives of the host in other settlements usually come to participate (Encyclopedia). Marriages traditionally were either arranged or of mutual consent (Museum, Life 1). Also, as a result of the twentieth century’s attempted Japanese integration, often through exogamy, now not even a third of all Ainu have four Ainu grandparents (Bowring 244). Economics The Ainu traditionally were hunters and gatherers, but rather than wandering nomadically, they settled in one location, on one section of a river, where they could fish and hunt (Museum People). However, in more recent times, Ainu seeking to integrate into Japanese society have taken jobs in ... ... Apr. 2002.      Encyclopedia of World Cultures.   CD-ROM.   Old Tappan, NJ: Macmillian.    Forbis, William H.   Japan Today:   People, Places, Power.   New York:   Harper, 1975.    Law to preserve Ainu culture was Passed.   1 Feb. 2002.   Buraku Liberation and Human Rights Research Institute.   25 Apr. 2002.   .    Takasugi, Shinji.   Numbers in world languages.   25 Apr. 2002.   .    Thomason, Andy.   â€Å"The Ainu of Japan.†Ã‚   2 July 1999.   Suite101.com Inc.   25 Apr. 2002.   .    Wright, Mike.   â€Å"Ainu-English Word List.†Ã‚   13 Nov. 1999.   Costal Fog Net.   25 Apr. 2002.   .

Never Back Down Review Essay -- Movies Film

Never Back Down Review A) Event Synopsis and Theme 1. The film opens in the middle of a high-school football game, with Jake Tyler helping his team to win. Frustrated, one of the players from the opposing team taunts him about the death of his father from drunk driving. Known for his hot temper, Jake immediately begins a brawl with the opposing player. The brawl is captured on the crowd's mobile phones and personal video cameras, and soon is downloaded to the internet. This is in fact the last game Jake will play at this high school as he and his family is moving to Orlando, Florida. His younger brother, Charlie (Wyatt Smith), has received a tennis scholarship at a school there. His mother (Leslie Hope) is upset that Jake often seems to be fighting and getting into trouble, but despite this, Jake and Charlie are close. At his new school, Jake has a hard time fitting in. He catches the eye of a pretty classmate named Baja Miller (Amber Heard) who seems to flirt with him. Later, he spots a fight going on campus where he sees a young man getting beaten. Although this is actually a street kickboxing match, Jake mistakes this as bullying, and attempts to defend the man. He is surprised when everyone, including the young man, tells Jake to leave. In school the next day, the young man introduces himself to Jake as Max Cooperman (Evan Peters). He tells Jake that there are videos on the internet of Jake's football brawl, gaining him a positive reputation on campus. He offers Jake a chance to learn mixed martial arts with his teacher, but Jake declines. Baja comes by and invites him to a party. At the party, held at a mansion, he meets the host, Ryan McCarthy (Cam Gigandet), who has seen the internet footage, challenges Jake to a fi... ...we were enjoying it. We sat in the best seat and no annoying sound. F) Most Memorable Moment 1. The last fight impressed me most. A lot of scene flashed in Jake’s head and he use all his techniques to knock down Ryan. 2. The music delivered a victory-like feeling, the flashing scene of his life and the slow motion were responsible for this affecting moment. 3. I and my friend nearly yelled out when Jake finally wins. G) Audience / Personal Response 1. My friend, who likes talking while we are watching movie, seldom makes noise in this film. 2. I would recommend this film to young male. There’s really a lot of muddled commentary to be found here. Explorations of class structure and bored teenage anomie are attempted in Never Back Down, but who wants their social critique served with a garnish of male anguish? You do? Okay, well you’ll like the film then.

A Marriage Agreement

Marriage, as they say, takes two to work. Gender roles should not exist in marriage because it would only bring conflicts to the relationship. Couples need to become partners while still maintaining their individuality. They need to learn how to make decisions with the other person in mind. If not, the marriage will most likely turn into a divorce with the couple thinking that this is the best solution.Alix Kates Shulman, in her essay entitled A Marriage Agreement, believes that everything can be worked out if couples only knew how to work around each other. She proves this by presenting the audience with their Marriage Agreement in which both she and her husband explicitly detail each other's chores and responsibility.The author admits that the agreement was a little formal; however, it worked for their marriage (p. 181), and this is what is important. The couple decided to make an agreement after realizing that they have grown too accustomed to their everyday chores wherein the wif e did everything from taking care of the children to cleaning the house while the husband spends time away from his family to make some money.This is what most couples have become, which makes their marriage fall apart. Shulman writes how verbal agreement to delegate tasks and share duties will not work and that a written agreement will make it easier for couples to adjust to the new divisions of their responsibilities.However as good as the author’s narration of how they delegated the tasks, for overall effectiveness of convincing readers of the effectivity of such delegation the author must present proof and comparison of the advantages of such agreements. The essay simply indicates in passing the effectiveness of such delegations without further proof or solidification and therefore, becomes weak in persuading its readers.The main article starts off with introducing the current situation of marriage life in America. It starts off by imprinting an image to the readers on ho w overworked and lopsided the delegation of domestic responsibilities is towards women. It was presented in a way that is very academic stating statistics and quoting researches.This acts as a clear introduction of the featured author’s feminist view of how household responsibilities must be shared among spouses. The article then goes on saying how better it is for families that do not follow the traditional delegation of household work than those who are not willing to share the duties and responsibilities of taking care of home and family (p.179). All these up to this point were presented in a very clear manner with the intent of the author to convince her audience of how sharing responsibilities is beneficial to marriage life introduced smoothly.However, from this academic level of argumentation, the article presents an essay that is a personal account of a marriage life. This essay is supposedly the main argument of the article but for some reason, it does not provide muc h strength to the stated arguments. Rather, it simply gives a glimpse of how to spread evenly responsibilities without much proof of its effectivity. This is the main flaw of the essay as it does not strengthen the main article.

Legal Framework †Employement Act Essay

The company complained that Encik Pokok’s application for leave was only received by Encik Bunga on the 26th November 1996. The leave application was not approved because it was not following the company procedure and secondly, reasonable excuse was not given. Encik Pokok was dismissed without internal inquiry done. Encik Pokok claimed that he had submitted his leave application on the 23rd November 1996. His application was pass to his friend to be given to his supervisor, Encik Daun. He assumed that his leave application was authorized. Encik Pokok said that he went to the Pejabat Kadi on the 23rd November 1996 to settle his sister in law’s case and the next two days, to celebrate their engagement. For the 26th November 1996, he claimed he went to the labour office in Temerloh with his friend. Due to fatigue, he did not go to work. He made a verbal leave application to the company through one of the company’s officers who was available at that time. Encik Pokok claimed that he was unlawfully terminated. He complained that internal inquiry had to be done prior to his termination because it violates Section 14 of the Employment Act 1955 and Item 35 of the joint agreement. Power to make awards 35. —(1) A Court shall have power in relation to a trade dispute of which it has cognizance to make an award (including an interim award) relating to all or any of the industrial matters in dispute. (1A) A Court shall not consider a dispute relating to the dismissal of an employee or make an award relating to the reinstatement of an employee except in circumstances arising out of a contravention of section 82. 2) Notwithstanding subsection (1A), where an employee considers that he has been dismissed without just cause or excuse by his employer, in circumstances other than those arising out of a contravention of section 82, he may, within one month of such dismissal, make, through his trade union, representations in writing to the Minister to be reinstated in his former employment (3) The M inister may, before making decision on any such representations, by writing under his hand request the Commissioner to inquire into the dismissal and report whether in his opinion the dismissal is without just cause or excuse instated in his former employment. (4) The Minister, if he decides to deal with the representations himself, shall before making a decision thereon give an opportunity to the employer to make representations in writing as to the reasons why he considered the dismissal of the employee to be justified. 5) If, after considering the representations of the trade union and of the employer (if any) and any report made by the Commissioner under subsection (3), the Minister is satisfied that the employee has been dismissed without just cause or excuse he may, notwithstanding any rule of law or agreement to the contrary — (a) direct the employer to reinstate the employee in his former employment and to pay the employee an amount that is equivalent to the wages that the employee would have earned had he not been dismissed by the employer; or (b) direct the employer to pay such amount of wages as compensation as may be determined by the Minister. 5A) The employer shall comply with the direction of the Minister under subsec tion (5). (6) The decision of the Minister on any representations made under this section shall be final and conclusive and shall not be challenged in any court or in a Court established under this Act. 7) Any direction by the Minister under subsection (5) shall operate as a bar to any action for damages by the employee in any court in respect of the wrongful dismissal (8) An employer who fails to comply with the direction of the Minister under subsection (5) shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on conviction by a District Court to a fine not exceeding $5,000 or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or to both. 9) Where an amount to be paid under subsection (5) is not paid in accordance with the direction of the Minister and the employer has been convicted of an offence under subsection (8), the amount, or so much thereof as remains unpaid, shall be recoverable by a District Court as if it were a fine and the amount so recovered shall be paid to the employe e entitled under the direction. Answer: As the defending lawyer, the Company did not make a correct decision in terminating Encik Pokok. The reason is because Encik Pokok has attempted to inform the Company by submitting the leave application form to Encik Daud through his friend on 23rd Nov 1996. Encik Pokok also made a verbal application for leave on the 26th November 1996 through a company official on duty at that time. This would mean that technically he was not absent for more than two consecutive days. Therefore ; According to Employment Act 1955, section 15(2), An employee shall be deemed to have broken his contract of service with the employer if he has been continuously absent from work for more than two consecutive working days without prior leave from his employer, unless he has a reasonable excuse for such absence and has informed or attempted to inform his employer of such excuse prior to or at the earliest opportunity during such absence. The Company also failed to conduct a domestic inquiry to give Encik Pokok a chance to defend himself and offer reasonable excuse why he failed to turn up for work. Therefore Section 14(1) of the Employment Act applies. According to Employment Act 1955 section 14(1), An employer may, on the grounds of misconduct inconsistent with the fulfillment of the express or implied condition of his service, after a due inquiry – (a) Dismiss without notice the employee; Habitual absenteeism (of less than two days at a time but on a frequent basis) would be defined as unauthorized absence from work on a certain number of days per month over a 6 month period. Initially warnings would be given, but if the absence persists, the employee may face dismissal. The failure to be punctual would be treated the same way as habitual absenteeism. In this case, the company failed to show whether Encik Pokok is a habitual absentee by not producing historical records of his attendance. However reported cases show that a breach of contract and termination are dealt as separate issues. As such a breach of contract may not lead to an automatic termination of employment. The consequence of such a breach would depend on the conditions of employment. Conclusion Encik Pokok was a victim of wrongful dismissal and the company must reinstate him immediately. The company has the right to issue written warning for the 24th and 25th November 1996 for unauthorized leave. Question 3 (b) You are defending lawyer for the Company. Has the Company made a correct decision in terminating Mr. Good . Discuss? Case facts: Mr. Good was charged with sleeping while on duty on 12th June 1997 at 7. 30pm in the music room at Tan Sri William Cheng’s house in Petaling Jaya. Mr. Good was instructed Vide a letter on 17th June 1997 to attend an inquiry on 20th June 1997 to hear the charge. Mr. Good says that he had been dismissed without due inquire. He denied that he had committed the offence alleged of and argued that the company had merely acted on suspicion. Answer: Company did not make a correct decision. This is due to the fact that Mr. Good was not caught sleeping red handed and Mr. Bad and Miss Sexy’s allegations were only implied. There were actually no eye witnesses. The court may conclude as it is only allegation as there is no evidence of Mr. Good committing the misconduct, as such the Company even failed to: 1) The Company did not conduct a domestic inquiry. The company should call for domestic inquire as it is an internal inquiry into some alleged misconduct by an employee. The main objectives of the domestic inquiry are to establish whether the alleged misconduct is proven or not and if the misconduct is proven, to recommend a punishment that is appropriate to the offence committed. The complainant is normally the management of the company but sometimes, can also be the victim of the alleged misconduct. At the domestic inquiry, the employer will present its case and the employee is given an equal opportunity to defend himself against the charges of misconduct. Under Employment Act 1955 Section14 (1) where an employer may on the grounds of misconduct inconsistent with the fulfillment of the express of implied conditions of his service, after due inquiry – 2) Absence of show cause letter or letter of disciplinary, As to Mr. Bad and Ms. Sexy’s statement on Mr. Good was caught committing the same offence 3 years ago, there were no records as the company did not issue any show cause letter or letter of disciplinary action. Conclusion The Company did not follow the proper dismissal procedures in accordance to Employment Act 1955, which relates to misconduct.